Swoosh

Compose, deliver and test your emails easily in Elixir.

Swoosh comes with many adapters, including SendGrid, Mandrill, Mailgun, Postmark and SMTP. See the full list of adapters below.

The complete documentation for Swoosh is available online at HexDocs.

Requirements

Elixir 1.16+ and Erlang OTP 26+

Getting started

# In your config/config.exs file
config :sample, Sample.Mailer,
  adapter: Swoosh.Adapters.Sendgrid,
  api_key: "SG.x.x"

# In your application code
defmodule Sample.Mailer do
  use Swoosh.Mailer, otp_app: :sample
end

defmodule Sample.UserEmail do
  import Swoosh.Email

  def welcome(user) do
    new()
    |> to({user.name, user.email})
    |> from({"Dr B Banner", "hulk.smash@example.com"})
    |> subject("Hello, Avengers!")
    |> html_body("<h1>Hello #{user.name}</h1>")
    |> text_body("Hello #{user.name}\n")
  end
end

# In an IEx session
email = Sample.UserEmail.welcome(%{name: "Tony Stark", email: "tony.stark@example.com"})
Sample.Mailer.deliver(email)

# Or in a Phoenix controller
defmodule Sample.UserController do
  use Phoenix.Controller
  alias Sample.UserEmail
  alias Sample.Mailer

  def create(conn, params) do
    user = create_user!(params)

    UserEmail.welcome(user) |> Mailer.deliver()
  end
end

See Swoosh.Mailer for more configuration options.

Installation

• Add swoosh to your list of dependencies in mix.exs:

  def deps do
    [{:swoosh, "~> 1.21"}]
  end
  

• (Optional-ish) Most adapters (non SMTP ones) use Swoosh.ApiClient to talk to the service provider. Swoosh comes with Swoosh.ApiClient.Hackney configured by default. If you want to use it, you just need to include Hackney as a dependency of your app.

  Swoosh also accepts Finch and Req out-of-the-box. See Swoosh.ApiClient.Finch and Swoosh.ApiClient.Req for details.

  If you need to integrate with another HTTP client, it's easy to define a new API client. Follow the Swoosh.ApiClient behaviour and configure Swoosh to use it:

  config :swoosh, :api_client, MyApp.ApiClient
  

  But if you don't need Swoosh.ApiClient, you can disable it by setting the value to false:

  config :swoosh, :api_client, false
  

  This is the case when you are using Swoosh.Adapters.Local, Swoosh.Adapters.Test and adapters that are SMTP based, that don't require an API client.

• (Optional) If you are using Swoosh.Adapters.SMTP, Swoosh.Adapters.Sendmail or Swoosh.Adapters.AmazonSES, you also need to add gen_smtp to your dependencies:

  def deps do
    [
      {:swoosh, "~> 1.6"},
      {:gen_smtp, "~> 1.0"}
    ]
  end
  

Adapters

Swoosh supports the most popular transactional email providers out of the box and also has an SMTP adapter. Below is the list of the adapters currently included:

| Provider | Swoosh adapter | Remarks | | ------------ | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------- | | SMTP | Swoosh.Adapters.SMTP | | | Mua | Swoosh.Adapters.Mua | SMTP alternative | | SendGrid | Swoosh.Adapters.Sendgrid | | | Brevo | Swoosh.Adapters.Brevo | Sendinblue | | Sendmail | Swoosh.Adapters.Sendmail | | | Mandrill | Swoosh.Adapters.Mandrill | | | Mailgun | Swoosh.Adapters.Mailgun | | | Mailjet | Swoosh.Adapters.Mailjet | | | MsGraph | Swoosh.Adapters.MsGraph | | | Postmark | Swoosh.Adapters.Postmark | | | SparkPost | Swoosh.Adapters.SparkPost | | | Amazon SES | Swoosh.Adapters.AmazonSES | | | Amazon SES | Swoosh.Adapters.ExAwsAmazonSES | | | Customer.io | Swoosh.Adapters.CustomerIO | | | Dyn | Swoosh.Adapters.Dyn | | | Scaleway | Swoosh.Adapters.Scaleway | | | SocketLabs | Swoosh.Adapters.SocketLabs | | | Gmail | Swoosh.Adapters.Gmail | | | MailPace | Swoosh.Adapters.MailPace | OhMySMTP | | SMTP2GO | Swoosh.Adapters.SMTP2GO | | | ProtonBridge | Swoosh.Adapters.ProtonBridge | | | Mailtrap | Swoosh.Adapters.Mailtrap | | | ZeptoMail | Swoosh.Adapters.ZeptoMail | | | Postal | Swoosh.Adapters.Postal | | | Lettermint | Swoosh.Adapters.Lettermint | | | Resend | Swoosh.Adapters.Resend | | | ------ | Below are not fully featured services | ------ | | Loops | Swoosh.Adapters.Loops | | | PostUp | Swoosh.Adapters.PostUp | |

Configure which adapter you want to use by updating your config/config.exs file:

config :sample, Sample.Mailer,
  adapter: Swoosh.Adapters.SMTP
  # adapter config (api keys, etc.)

Check the documentation of the adapter you want to use for more specific configurations and instructions.

Adding new adapters is super easy and we are definitely looking for contributions on that front. Get in touch if you want to help!

Third-party Adapters

Adapters for email providers not included by Swoosh, maintained by Elixir community members.

| Provider | Swoosh adapter | Remarks | | ------------ | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------- | | Resend | Resend.Swoosh.Adapter | |

Recipient

The Recipient Protocol enables you to easily make your structs compatible with Swoosh functions.

defmodule MyUser do
  @derive {Swoosh.Email.Recipient, name: :name, address: :email}
  defstruct [:name, :email, :other_props]
end

Now you can directly pass %MyUser{} to from, to, cc, bcc, etc. See Swoosh.Email.Recipient for more details.

Async Emails

Swoosh does not make any special arrangements for sending emails in a non-blocking manner. Opposite to some stacks, sending emails, talking to third party apps, etc in Elixir do not block or interfere with other requests, so you should resort to async emails only when necessary.

One simple way to deliver emails asynchronously is by leveraging Elixir's standard library. First add a Task supervisor to your application root, usually at lib/my_app/application.ex:

def start(_, _) do
  children = [
    ...,
    # Before the endpoint
    {Task.Supervisor, name: MyApp.AsyncEmailSupervisor},
    MyApp.Endpoint
  ]

  Supervisor.start_link(children, strategy: :one_for_one)
end

Now, whenever you want to send an email:

Task.Supervisor.start_child(MyApp.AsyncEmailSupervisor, fn ->
  %{name: "Tony Stark", email: "tony.stark@example.com"}
  |> Sample.UserEmail.welcome()
  |> Sample.Mailer.deliver()
end)

Please take a look at the official docs for Task and Task.Supervisor for further options.

One of the downsides of sending email asynchronously is that failures won't be reported to the user, who won't have an opportunity to try again immediately, and tasks by default do not retry on errors. Therefore, if the email must be delivered asynchronously, a safer solution would be to use a queue or job system. Elixir's ecosystem has many job queue libraries.

• Oban is the current community favourite. It uses PostgreSQL for storage and coordination.
• Exq uses Redis and is compatible with Resque / Sidekiq.

Attachments

You can attach files to your email using the Swoosh.Email.attachment/2 function. Just give the path of your file as an argument and we will do the rest. It also works with a %Plug.Upload{} struct, or a %Swoosh.Attachment{} struct, which can be constructed using Swoosh.Attachment.new detailed here in the docs.

All built-in adapters have support for attachments.

new()
|> to("peter@example.com")
|> from({"Jarvis", "jarvis@example.com"})
|> subject("Invoice May")
|> text_body("Here is the invoice for your superhero services in May.")
|> attachment("/Users/jarvis/invoice-peter-may.pdf")

Testing

In your config/test.exs file set your mailer's adapter to Swoosh.Adapters.Test so that you can use the assertions provided by Swoosh in Swoosh.TestAssertions module.

defmodule Sample.UserTest do
  use ExUnit.Case, async: true

  import Swoosh.TestAssertions

  test "send email on user signup" do
    # Assuming `create_user` creates a new user then sends out a
    # `Sample.UserEmail.welcome` email
    user = create_user(%{username: "ironman", email: "tony.stark@example.com"})
    assert_email_sent Sample.UserEmail.welcome(user)
  end
end

Custom JSON Library

By default, Swoosh ships with required dependency Jason. In the future, we will change it to the builtin JSON module in Elixir 1.18+. If you want to swap the default JSON library used by Swoosh, you can configure it in your config/config.exs file like this:

config :swoosh, :json_library, JSON

In future major versions, Jason will be removed from the dependency list or become an optional dependency.

Mailbox preview in the browser

Swoosh ships with a Plug that allows you to preview the emails in the local (in-memory) mailbox. It's particularly convenient in development when you want to check what your email will look like while testing the various flows of your application.

For email to reach this mailbox you will need to set your Mailer adapter to Swoosh.Adapters.Local:

# in config/dev.exs
config :sample, MyApp.Mailer,
  adapter: Swoosh.Adapters.Local

In your Phoenix project you can forward directly to the plug without spinning up a separate webserver, like this:

# in web/router.ex
if Mix.env == :dev do
  scope "/dev" do
    pipe_through [:browser]

    forward "/mailbox", Plug.Swoosh.MailboxPreview
  end
end

You can also start a new server if your application does not depends on Phoenix:

# in config/dev.exs
# to run the preview server alongside your app
# which may not have a web interface already
config :swoosh, serve_mailbox: true

# in config/dev.exs
# to change the preview server port (4000 by default)
config :swoosh, serve_mailbox: true, preview_port: 4001

When using serve_mailbox: true make sure to have either plug_cowboy or bandit as a dependency of your app.

{:plug_cowboy, ">= 1.0.0"}
# or
{:bandit, ">= 1.0.0"}

And finally you can also use the following Mix task to start the mailbox preview server independently:

mix swoosh.mailbox.server

Note: the mailbox preview won't display emails being sent from outside its own node. So if you are testing using an IEx session, it's recommended to boot the application in the same session. iex -S mix phx.server or iex -S mix swoosh.mailbox.server will do the trick.

If you are curious, this is how it the mailbox preview looks like:

Note : To show the preview we use the cdn-version of Tailwindcss. If you have set a content-security-policy you may have to add https://cdn.tailwindcss.com to default-src to have the correct make up.

The preview is also available as a JSON endpoint.

curl http://localhost:4000/dev/mailbox/json

Production

Swoosh starts a memory storage process for local adapter by default. Normally it does no harm being left around in production. However, if it is causing problems, or you don't like having it around, it can be disabled like so:

# config/prod.exs
config :swoosh, local: false

Telemetry

The following events are emitted:

• [:swoosh, :deliver, :start]: occurs when Mailer.deliver/2 begins.
• [:swoosh, :deliver, :stop]: occurs when Mailer.deliver/2 completes.
• [:swoosh, :deliver, :exception]: occurs when Mailer.deliver/2 throws an exception.
• [:swoosh, :deliver_many, :start]: occurs when Mailer.deliver_many/2 begins.
• [:swoosh, :deliver_many, :stop]: occurs when Mailer.deliver_many/2 completes.
• [:swoosh, :deliver_many, :exception]: occurs when Mailer.deliver_many/2 throws an exception.

View example in docs

Documentation

Documentation is written into the library, you will find it in the source code, accessible from iex and of course, it all gets published to HexDocs.

Contributing

We are grateful for any contributions. Before you submit an issue or a pull request, remember to:

• Look at our Contributing guidelines
• Not use the issue tracker for help or support requests (try StackOverflow, IRC or Slack instead)
• Do a quick search in the issue tracker to make sure the issues hasn't been reported yet.
• Look and follow the Code of Conduct. Be nice and have fun!

Running tests

Clone the repo and fetch its dependencies:

git clone https://github.com/swoosh/swoosh.git
cd swoosh
mix deps.get
mix test

Building docs

MIX_ENV=docs mix docs

LICENSE

See LICENSE